Chapter 20: Human Impact on the Environment Bush & Congress are loosers, typical e-mail
animal migrations
Invasion of the Killer Toads:  Cane toads, introduced into Australia to eat beetles, are poisonous, and kill indigenous species like Quoll (so just another invasive species).
Biology and Society: Aquarium Menaces (examples of invasive = introduced = exotic species: Federal, Indiana)
  1. Explain northern snakehead fish & Caribbean alga Caulerpa introduced into a new environment, fig. 1, Spectacle Lake. 
  2. Explain significance - out compete native organisms as no enemies: garlic mustard is everywhere in dunes.
Human Impact on Biological Communities
  1. Humans impact natural communities: disturbances, fig. 2, mining, logging, more, sprawl, government, hotel & waterslide park, & introduced species, fig. 3.
  2. Explain why most introduced species cause environmental problems, but not all.
  3. Describe examples of deliberate: rabbit/Australia, starling & kudzu/USA, and of accidental: zebra musel, emerald ash borer, this introductions of exotic species into the USA, fig. 3.  Describe the impacts of each introduction.
  4. Explain why introduced species are often able to outcompete native organisms, Darwin's concept is high fitness.
Human Impact on Ecosystems (use google images for the C, N, P, H2O cycles)
  1. Human activities disrupt element cycles: C, details, fig. 4, N, exercise, P/eutrophication, H2O, fig. 5, MI..Sucks..FL Springs.
  2. Describe the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and explain what we have learned from this project, fig. 6, review. 
  3. Bioaccumulation & biomagnification concentrate toxins through trophic levels, fig. 7, Rachel Carson, EPA, IDEM, Scorecard. Hoosier Environmental Council (join)..human risks..lesson..farmed fish..tuna/mercury..100,000 x (five trophic levels)..source..
  4. Burning trees after deforestation & use of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.  Describe the consequences of global warming, fig. 8, Gaia, good Gaia site, image, extinction, fig. 9-11.
  5. Explain how chlorofluorocarbons (scroll) contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer.  Describe the possible consequences of the depletion of the ozone layer, fig. 12, but not just humans.  O3 at street level makes smog
The Biodiversity Crisis (resource, nw IN)
  1. Describe the three levels of biological diversity: 1) genetic, 2) species, 3) ecosystem, fig. 13: coral reefs are very biodiverse
  2. Explain how the current mass extinction (scroll for list)..compares to the Cretaceous extinction..
  3. Three main causes of crisis (scroll for fourth: pollution): 1) habitat destruction, 2) introduced species 3) overexploitation, fig. 15
  4. Explain why biodiversity matters, fig. 16: new medicines, but main reason is valuing nature, scroll, more, Chicago!
Conservation Biology  Nobel Peace Prize for planting trees & women's rights...Dunes Creek/E.coli...
  1. State the importance of biodiversity hot spots to the conservation of biological diversity, fig. 17: rainforest & chaparral, nw IN.
  2. Distinguish between endangered & threatened species, Indiana should include all organisms, not just animals.
  3. Explain how habitat fragmentation impacts a species, fig. 18, Austin, flying squirrel.
  4. Describe the nature of the issues confronting modern conservation biology, fig. 19, institute, Chicago: Biodiversity Recovery?...
  5. Edges, corridors, & zoned reserves (scroll) are important to the conservation of landscapes, fig. 20-22, greenways: value.
  6. Describe the goals of sustainable development - does not exist!, the words are opposites!, Curitiba..Columbus, IN..
Evolution Connection: Biophilia and an Environmental Ethic
  1. Describe the concept of biophilia. fig. 23 & 24. 
  2. Louisiana coast erosion..Mississippi dead zone - eutrophic..more..Gulf Restoration Network..
Anna Pigeon series..enjoyable way to learn about the NPS
Collapse...scroll four paragraphs to Easter Island, & do Madagascar below

Local Restoration:(but development is winning, so conservation is loosing, - look around any city)
National Lakeshore..Map..Nature..Monoke prairie..Beverly Shores: homes.&.wetlands..burns: Dune Acres & State Park
Coffee Creek..near Chesterton, has good walks and parairie restoration
Taltree..SE Porter Co..good walks, $3 to enter
Nature Conservancy..in Newton county Kankakee Sands is the largest prairie restoration in Indiana
County Parks...take a hike in October..
My Environment...where you can become and activist by joining groups..
Silver Lake..&..Valpo Lakes Conservancy meets monthly in new Valpo courthouse
Save the Dunes Council..most active local conservation/restoration group
Great Lakes Ecosystems

Activities
20A Fire Ants: An Introduced Species..mostly descriptive
20B Water Pollution from Nitrates...DO this in lecture as interactive
20C DDT and the Environment..also in ch 1 & 18, but more appropriate here..
20D The Greenhouse Effect
20E Madagascar and the Biodiversity Crisis..like Hawaii
20F Conservation Biology Review..Do this as interactive
Case Studies: How Are Potential Prairie Restoration Sites Analyzed?...made up data, unconvincing

Quizzes
Pre-Test To diagnose current knowledge.
Activity Quiz Quizzes with graphics that test understanding of the media activities for each chapter.
Chapter Quiz Comprehensive quizzes on the material in each chapter.

Key Terms
 Terms and Definitions  Study the list of terms for each chapter, look up definitions and hear selected audio pronunciations.  Word Roots  Word roots, to improve vocabulary skills.  Flashcards  Electronic flashcards to test your knowledge of the key terms and definitions for each chapter or multiple chapters.

Homework / End-of-Ch