Ch 28 The Life of a Flowering Plant, & Ex 17.1 Plant Structure 
Some Ch 28 material is in lecture, some in lab
Resource for this Ch & Master Gardener, Porter Co. MG

Ch Topics
A. BOX: Biology & Society: Plant Cloning/Feast & Famine
     Note: while animal cloning is a political issue, plant cloning is not:
     Embryonic stem cells are throughout plants, always: layering, sucker, def, cutting
     Irish Potato Famine: potato was cloned by separating the eyes: few resisted the blight
B. The Structure (& Function) of a Flowering Plant
     organ = root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit/seed, each contains more than one tissue
     tissue = a few different but related kinds of cell form each tissue   
C. Plant Growth: primary growth is in length, secondary growth is in width
D. The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant (done in Lab Ex 11)

B. Structure & Function: Flowering Plant:  Resource, Farabee, Course.

3. Know five monocot & dicot differences (4) + root systems: tap (dicot) vs fibrous (monocot)
   
4. Roots & shoots: root vascular bundles are central, shoot: peripheral or scattered, fig 3.  slides,  course
   
5. Pinching back > bushy plant > removes apical dominance, fig 4, hormone Ch 29, bonsai?
   
6. Define a taproot, runner, rhizome, tuber, and tendril fig 5 & 6, adaptations
7. Plants & animals are different from prokaryotes, most protists (seaweeds?) & fungi (fruiting body?):
8. a) evolution: plants experienced a few, animals ~10 great leaps forward
9. b) they developed different tissues - specialized cells with different functions
10. 
    
11. Cells (5 types, but there are more):
    
12. 1) parenchyma: living plant cell, em: most of vegetable/fruit that is eaten: leaves, stems, roots
    
13. 2) collenchyma: has secondary cell wall, in roots & stems, more support
    
3) sclerenchyma: think of a brazil nut shell or grit in a pear, fig 10, lignin, histology,
more images & lateral root develops from vascular stem cells/cambium

14. 4) xylem: dead linked cells "capillary tubes", transport water & minerals/salts from roots to leaves
15. 5) phloem: living cells (sieve tube & companion) transport sugar/organics solution from source to sink
16. These cell types are used to make
    
17. Three tissue systems: fig 11 (all plant), 12 (root), 13 (leaf), & shoot below
    
18. 1) dermal/epidermis: cover & protect plant: waterproof cuticle (scroll), leaf stomata, root hairs
    
19. 2) vascular: xylem & phloem
    
20. 3) ground: parenchyma, cholen- & scleren- fig 9, 10 & 11.
plant histology, more histology, plant/prokaryote/protist images,  Farabee,  Kimball

CHECKPOINT p 627:
1. Differences between dicot & monocot: seed leaves, roots, shoots, flower petals, leaves
2. Why may prunning increase yeild?
3. Which cell types can give rise to which?:
    collenchyma, scelerenchyma, parenchyma (AE), water-conducting cells? phloem is ok,
4. Which tissue sytem: covers & protects?, site of photosynthesis & storage?, transports materials?

C. Plant Growth:  dicot embryo,  Bristlecone pine,

13. plant growth is indeterminate, but animal is determinate, 
    
14. annuals, biennials, & perennials: fig 14
    
15. meristems: apical makes primary growth of 1) shoots, 2) axillary buds/image, & 3) roots: fig 15,16,
    
apical meristems > 3 primary meristems (concentric cylinders of dividing cells) > 2 secondary meristems:
16. 1) protoderm produces surface epidermis, an end-point.
    
2) procambium produces xylem & phloem, & > vascular cambium: inner yellow ring
3) ground meristem produces parenchyma/pith & > cork cambium: outer yellow ring

17. secondary (vascular & cork cambiums) > lateral growth, fig 24,
18. vascular cambium > apical meristem! in root:
    
19. also true when a stem lies on the ground: produces entire new plant

CHECKPOINT p 632:
   1. What name for a plant that does not produce flowers until its second year of growth?
   2. What two basic cellular processes account for primary growth?
   3. What type of plant tissue makes up wood? & bark?

D. The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant - Lab Ex 3.6 - dual fertilization: fig 15,16, embryo fig 18

8. Describe the parts of a flower and their functions: fig 13, scroll to flower
   
9. Relate this structure to the life cycle of an angiosperm: fig 14.
10. Describe the processes and events that lead to double fertilization: fig 15 gametophytes, 16 fertilization
    
11. Explain how a seed forms = ovule: fig 17,  Kimball,  his drawings cycle
    
12. slides: this & next two objectives,
    
13. Describe the formation and functions of fruit = mature ovary
    
14. Describe the general process of germination in a pea plant: fig 20, hormone Ch 29

CHECKPOINT p 636
1. If the soil is changing rapidly in composition is sexual or asexual reproduction better for survival?
2. Pollen develops within ?, in male reproductive organs called ?
    Ovules develop within ?, in female reproductive organs called ?
3. The products of the double fertilization are 1) ? which forms the embryo, & 2) ? which stores nutrients

E. Evolution Connection: Interdependence of Angiosperms & Animals marsh marigolds trilium, garlic mustard

  15. Describe the mutually beneficial relationships of flowering plants and land animals.