a HAPS
objectives
-hormonal & neural regulation of metabolism
-energy balance, metabolic rate, & thermoregulation
QCP does not
model each part of the digestive system.
But it models the overall digestion, absorption and assimilation
of
food;
& the regulation of metabolism, including some hormones' actions,
the effects of alterations in caloric intake, & body temperature
regulation.
We begin by following the processing of a normal meal, using a revision
of instructions supplied with QCP, and then repeating the experiment
after
making Mr. Norm diabetic.
Start QCP, add
all items under VIEW. Record 12.00 values in the
table below.
Find meal masses > GI tract (yellow tube), plasma values > red
blood cells logo > chemistry!,
insulin &
glucagon > hormones = green/red fit; & nutrient
utilizations under metabolism
(flame),
& get yellow liver values.
Then go to daily planner (clock) control & SWITCH ON > Mr. Norm
now gets 3 meals a day.
Breakfast is at 7 am, so advance to that time to record fasting values,
and
then advance in 10 minute intervals, completing a column at each
time.
Restart & reset daily planner to ON. Select the pancreas
(feather), beta
cells (insulin).
Set synthesis basic rate & secretion basic fraction
to 0.
Collect data during another breakfast, & then GO for 1 dy, wk &
month.
NORMAL
DIABETIC
CHRONIC
Time
12.00 7am 7.10 7.20 7.30 8.00
9.00 7.10 7.20 7.30
8.00 9.00 1dy 1wk 1m
Carb mass GI
lumen________________________________________________________________
Fat mass, GI lumen
________________________________________________________________
Protein mass GI lumen
______________________________________________________________
Plasma [glucose]
__________________________________________________________________
Plasma [fatty acids]
________________________________________________________________
Plasma [triglycerides]
______________________________________________________________
Plasma [ketoacids]
_____________________________________________________________
Plasma [insulin]
____________________________________________________________
Plasma [glucagon]
________________________________________________________________
Tissue glucose use
_______________________________________________________________
Tissue FFA use
_______________________________________________________________
Fat Triglyceride uptake
_______________________________________________________________
Liver glycogen mass
_______________________________________________________________
Work with one row at a time, decide if the normal response to a meal
looks ok, then look for differences in the diabetic,
and explain them.
Starvation
An initially
well fed human can survive on water only for about ........
days?
During starvation homeostasis is maintained as well as is
possible
by living off oneself.
Most carbohydrate reserves are used up
first,
then stored fat, then protein. The last is not a reserve but tissue
like
muscle.
An untreated insulin dependent diabetic has some
similarities
to a starving person why?
..............................................................................................................................................
Starving people usually suffer from edema, they are even skinnier than
they look.
The edema results from a fall in plasma proteins, as
there
are insufficient amino acids for plasma protein manufacture.
With less
plasma colloid osmotic pressure, water seeps out of capillaries into
tissues.
We test
starvation on Mr. Norm by putting the three basic nutrients
to 0 (fork). Monitor the following:
Will blood pressure be maintained?
..............................................................................
Cardiac
output?...........................................................................................
.
Nitrogen excretion (yellow test
tube)?...........................................................................................
Metabolic acidosis may result why (red test
tube)?.....................................................................................
...
Will metabolic rate rise or fall
(flame)?..............................................................................
.. ......
Plasma protein (red test
tube)?...................................................................................................
..
Blood volume
(H2O)?.................................................................................................
...........
Body weight (main chart)?
..................................................................................................
............
Take data each
week and run for 60 days. Where Mr. Norm disagrees
with your predictions what do you think is the reason?
Is there edema at 60D? How is Mr. Norm feeling at the end?
Is this what you expected?
#44. Cold
Exposure, revision
Heat Stress, Cold Exposure and Heat Stroke can all be tested on Mr.
Norm
How does QCP handle a January day in Indiana? His day begins warm, but it gets colder, as a lot of Arctic air is coming in. QCP is lightly clothed, so this will be stressful. Every six hours or so drop the ambient temperature by about 10 dergrees F
Follow body temperature, metabolic rate, skin blood flow, evidence of shivering (muscle blood flow)? and sympathetic nerve activity, any hormones?
Define each variable in your own words, and then explain the cause and/or value to QCP of each variable change with falling ambient temperature. What is the body control system that is making these Variable changes?
Where in the body is this control system's integrating center?
How does the body decide that it must make the changes?
How are the changes made? (trace the pathway(s) from the control center to the effector(s)).
Describe the redistribution of blood flow to the different body regions (see circulation logo).
Find a parameter to change (not ambient temperature or sympathetic nerve activity) to help Mr. Norm to handle the cold, and show that it works.
How realistic do you think this model is in his response to exposure to cold?